For a piano, provenance can be established by starting with the authentication of the brand of manufacture and serial number, which will usually identify age. Then bills of sale, tuning records, bills of lading,[[30]](#cite_note-30) concert programs that identify a piano by serial number, letters, famous signatures inside or on the outside of a piano, statements under oath in a court of law and photographs can all help authenticate a piano's provenance.

{
  "evidence_unit_id": "unit:49b82edf77de8e07e792:dc956aa61b9284de4481:1:795e30c7989b921c2da0",
  "artifact_id": "artifact:49b82edf77de8e07e792:6edc1142d1044e7186b5",
  "text": "For a piano, provenance can be established by starting with the authentication of the brand of manufacture and serial number, which will usually identify age. Then bills of sale, tuning records, bills of lading,[[30]](#cite_note-30) concert programs that identify a piano by serial number, letters, famous signatures inside or on the outside of a piano, statements under oath in a court of law and photographs can all help authenticate a piano's provenance.",
  "access_class": "public",
  "heading": "Researching the provenance of paintings (part 2 of 2)",
  "observed_at": "2026-07-18T21:40:59.214Z",
  "state": "active"
}